预裂化理论研究:基质表面酸性位类型及不同类型酸性位接触顺序对裂化过程小分子烯烃收率的影响

在区分氢负离子转移反应与氢转移反应、非选择性氢转移反应与总的氢转移反应的情况下,通过合成物性相近但酸性不同的氧化铝,用以作为裂化催化剂基质材料,在固定床反应器上考察了催化裂化过程,基质酸性位类型及基质表面Lewis及Brönsted酸性位接触顺序对小分子烯烃(丙烯、丁烯)收率的影响。结果表明,催化裂化生成小分子烯烃过程中,分子筛与基质所呈现出的反应特点存在较大的区别,前者活性虽高,但总的氢转移反应活性过强。基质材料裂化活性虽低但其表面以氢负离子转移反应为主,反应路径角度更有利于小分子烯烃收率的提高。另外,基质表面存在Brönsted酸性位,或原料油首先与基质表面Lewis酸性位相接触再与Brönsted酸性位反应的预裂化过程,会在促进裂化反应发生的同时抑制总的氢转移反应,更有利于小分子烯烃收率的提高。     

DMA-80测汞仪的应用探讨

本文的主要实验目的是利用DMA-80测汞仪直接测定固体样品中的汞并证明其方法可靠。采用升温加热直接进行热分解、金汞齐反应,采用长、短双检测池,可直接测定固体、液体样品,汞含量在0.n×10-9～600.0×10-9范围内的样品都能被很准确地测定,每个样品测定时间约为5min。 测试结果证明其方法具可靠性。     

Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) modified ZnS nanoparticles with enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotic in water

Sonocatalysis has attracted excellent research attention to eradicate hazardous pollutants from the environment effectively. This work synthesised an organic/inorganic hybrid composite catalyst by coupling Fe₃O₄@MIL-100(Fe) (FM) with ZnS nanoparticles using the solvothermal evaporation method. Remarkably, the composite material delivered significantly enhanced sonocatalytic efficiency for removing tetracycline (TC) antibiotics in the presence of H₂O₂ compared to bare ZnS nanoparticles. By adjusting different parameters such as TC concentration, catalyst dosage and H₂O₂ amount, the optimized composite (20 %Fe₃O₄@MIL-100(Fe)/ZnS) removed 78.25% antibiotic in 20 min at the cost of 1 mL of H₂O₂. These much superior activities are attributed to the efficient interface contact, effective charge transfer, accelerated transport capabilities and strong redox potential for the superior acoustic catalytic performance of FM/ZnS composite systems. Based on various characterization, free radical capture experiments and energy band structures, we proposed a mechanism for the sonocatalytic degradation of tetracycline based on S-scheme heterojunctions and Fenton like reactions. This work will provide an important reference for developing ZnS-based nanomaterials to study sonodegradation of pollutants.     

基于氮掺杂活性炭催化氧化合成氮甲基氧化吗啉的研究

以三聚氰胺为氮源,商用活性炭为研究对象,通过“浸渍吸附+高温热处理”的方式制得系列氮掺杂活性炭,并用于催化氧化合成氮甲基氧化吗啉（NMMO）。采用N₂吸附/脱附、Raman、XPS等对氮掺杂活性炭的孔结构和表面性质进行了表征。结果表明：随着三聚氰胺负载量的增大,氮掺杂活性炭的表面碱性含氮官能团含量增大,进而体现出更好的催化氧化合成NMMO活性。最佳催化剂（ACO850-20N）在催化剂加量为0.02 wt%,反应温度70 ℃和反应时间4 h的工艺条件下,氮甲基吗啉的转化率和NMMO收率可达99.76%和94.31%。      

Green synthesis and characterization of copper and nickel hybrid nanomaterials: Investigation of their biological and photocatalytic potential for the removal of organic crystal violet dye

Nanotechnology deals with the materials at nanoscale to synthesize nanoparticles. The current study introduced a new green approach for the synthesis of Copper and Nickel hybrid nanoparticles by using Zingiber officinale rhizome extract as a capping and reducing agent. The nanoparticles were physico-chemically characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed by scanning electron micrograph that the Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles have spherical geometries with average grain size of 25.12 ± 1.2 nm. Furthermore, biocatalytic and photocatalytic applications of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were assessed. The results of antibacterial assay revealed that Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles had an inhibition zones of 28 ± 1.0, 25 ± 0.8, and 25 ± 1.5 mm against P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Proteus vulgaris. Commercially available antibiotics were purchased and coated with Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles, it was found that their antimicrobial efficacy was increased twice. To evaluate the antioxidant potential, nanoparticles having a concentration of 200 µg/mL were applied against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals and NPs showed 42.1 ± 0.71 % inhibition. Cu-Ni nanoparticles have shown a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against amastigote and promastigote in anti-leishmanial assay. The synthesized nanoparticles were found biocompatible and safe in nature to be used in vivo, as they showed no significant hemolysis of human red blood cells at their highest concentration. In antidiabetic assay, NPs inhibited alpha-amylase enzyme up to 38.07 ± 0.65 %. An organic crystal violet dye was successfully degraded by the synthesized nanoparticles in photocatalytic assay. Hence, it is concluded that Cu-Ni hybrid nanoparticles can be used both in vitro and in vivo for drug delivery in biomedical research. These nanoparticles can also be used in the remediation of organic dyes as a catalyst.     

Synthetic studies towards(-)-deserpidine:Total synthesis of the stereoisomer and derivative of (-)-deserpidine

The asymmetric synthesis of 16,17,20-epi-deserpidine and a derivative of(-)-deserpidine has been achieved.Key feature s in the assembly of the pentacyclic framework include a visible-light photocatalytic intra-/inter-/intramolecular radical cascade reaction to construct the tetracyclic ABCD ring system in one-pot and an intramolecularaldol reaction to forge the cyclohexane E ring.     

基于原位配体反应的锰(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、结构和催化性质

采用水热方法,选用含2个氰基的醚氧桥联羧酸配体(Hdbna)和2,2′-联吡啶(2,2′-bipy)与MnCl2·4H2O反应,合成了一个二维配位聚合物[Mn(μ3-Hdpna)(2,2′-bipy)]n (1),并对其结构和催化性质进行了研究。在配合物1中,配体Hdbna在水热反应条件下,通过原位反应被转化成醚氧桥联三羧酸配体(H3dpna)。结构分析结果表明配合物1的晶体属于三斜晶系,P■空间群。配合物1具有二维层结构。研究表明,配合物1在硅腈化反应中表现出较高的催化活性。     

添加叔丁醇钾对Mg(NH2)2-2LiH体系储氢性能的影响

叔丁醇钾(C_4H_9OK)的添加显著改善了Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH体系的储氢性能。添加0.08 mol C_4H_9OK的Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH-0.08C_4H_9OK样品表现出最佳储氢性能。该样品的起始放氢温度仅为70℃,较Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH原始样品降低了60℃;130℃完全放氢后,该样品可在50℃开始吸氢,较原始样品降低了50℃。Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH-0.08C_4H_9OK样品可在150℃的等温条件下50min内迅速放出质量分数3.82%的氢气,完全放氢后可在120℃的等温条件下50 min内快速吸收质量分数4.11%的氢气,表现出良好的吸放氢动力学性能。C_4H_9OK的添加降低了样品放氢反应的表观活化能和反应焓变,改善了放氢反应的动力学和热力学性能,从而降低了放氢反应温度。进一步的放氢反应机理研究发现,在180℃之前,C_4H_9OK对Mg(NH_2)_2-2LiH体系的放氢起催化改性作用;温度继续升高后,C_4H_9OK将会分解并参与放氢反应最终生成Li_3K(NH_2)_4。     

PEMFC阴极催化层结构分析

采用CCS法（catalyst coated substrate）构建铂纳米颗粒（Pt-NPs）和铂纳米线（Pt-NWs）双层催化层结构,分析其对单电池电化学性能的影响。对于富铂/贫铂双层铂纳米颗粒结构,靠近质子交换膜侧的富铂层中致密的铂颗粒结构能促进ORR速率,而靠近气体扩散层一侧的具有更高的孔隙率和平均孔尺寸的贫铂层,有利于反应气体的传输和扩散,当贫富铂层铂载量比为1:2时,单电池测试表现出最优性能,在0.6 V时的电流密度达到了1.05 A·cm^-2,峰值功率密度为0.69 W·cm^-2,较常规单层催化层结构提升了21%。在以Pt-NPs作为基底层时生长Pt-NWs时,得到了梯度分布的双层结构。铂颗粒的存在促进了铂前驱体的还原,并为新形成的铂原子提供了沉积位置。在Pt-NPs基底上生长的Pt-NWs具有更均匀的分布以及更致密的绒毛结构,并且自然形成了一种梯度分布。优化后的Pt-NWs催化层在0.6 V时的电流密度提高了21%。含有双层催化层结构的膜电极具有更高的催化剂利用率,对阴极催化层结构的优化和制备提供了新思路。